WithAScalpel
WithAScalpel

WithAScalpel

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Tricuspid Atresia: Anatomy, Great Artery Relationships, and Hemodynamics
October 19, 2026
Mitral Valve Replacement — Series: #1–3
October 18, 2026
Mitral Valve Replacement #3: Valve Selection and Anticoagulation
October 17, 2026
Mitral Valve Replacement #2: Anatomy and Surgical Techniques
October 16, 2026
Mitral Valve Replacement #1: Indications, Anatomy, and Prosthesis Selection
October 15, 2026
Left-to-Right vs Right-to-Left Shunting: Core Physiology
October 14, 2026
Subaortic Membrane — Series: #1–3
October 13, 2026
Subaortic Membrane #3: Surgical Procedure
October 12, 2026
Subaortic Membrane #2: Physiology
October 11, 2026
Subaortic Membrane #1: Anatomy and Morphologic Spectrum
October 10, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique: Step-by-Step Operative Sequence
October 9, 2026
Fenestrated Fontan: Physiology, Technique, and Management
October 8, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding: Encircling the Main PA
October 7, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics: Bernoulli, Poiseuille & Flow Regimes
October 6, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics: Ohm’s Law & Laplace’s Law
October 5, 2026
Pulmonary Hilar Anatomy: 3D Relationships
October 4, 2026
Patent Ductus Arteriosus — Series: #1–2
October 3, 2026
Patent Ductus Arteriosus #2: Surgical PDA Ligation
October 2, 2026
Patent Ductus Arteriosus #1: Pathophysiology
October 1, 2026
Right-to-Left Shunting: Physiology and Representative Lesions
September 30, 2026
Left-to-Right Shunting: Basic Physiology and Representative Lesions
September 29, 2026
Pericardial Anatomy: Overview
September 28, 2026
Pericardium Anatomy #2: Posterior Pericardial Anatomy
September 27, 2026
Pericardium Anatomy #1: Pericardial Layers
September 26, 2026
Systemic-Pulmonary Shunt: Modified BTT Shunt and Surgical Strategies
September 25, 2026
Rastelli Classification of Complete AVSD
September 24, 2026
Rastelli Classification of Complete AVSD #3: Rastelli Type C
September 23, 2026
Rastelli Classification of Complete AVSD #2: Rastelli Type B
September 22, 2026
Rastelli Classification of Complete AVSD #1: Rastelli Type A
September 21, 2026
Pulmonary Hilar Anatomy: Airways, Arteries, and Veins
September 20, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #2: Norwood → Glenn → Fontan
September 19, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #1: Pre-Stage I Physiology and Pulmonary Artery Banding
September 18, 2026
Coarctation Repair: Extended End-to-End Anastomosis via Left Thoracotomy
September 17, 2026
AAOCA: Intramural Course and Unroofing
September 16, 2026
Double Chamber Right Ventricle (DCRV) — Series: #1–2
September 15, 2026
Double-Chambered Right Ventricle (DCRV) #2: Surgical Repair
September 14, 2026
Double-Chambered Right Ventricle (DCRV) #1: Anatomy
September 13, 2026
Atrial Septation — Atrial Septum Embryology — Series: #1–2
September 12, 2026
Atrial Septation #2: Septum Secundum and Foramen Ovale
September 11, 2026
Atrial Septation #1: Septum Primum and Foramen Primum
September 10, 2026
Damus–Kaye–Stansel Procedure: Concept and Anastomotic Strategies
September 9, 2026
Mitral Annuloplasty — Series: #1–3
September 8, 2026
Mitral Annuloplasty #3: Full Ring vs Partial Ring
September 7, 2026
Mitral Annuloplasty #2: Mitral Annulus and Suture Placement
September 6, 2026
Mitral Annuloplasty #1: Restoring Annular Geometry
September 5, 2026
Physiology after TOF Repair: RV Restriction, LV Preload, and Residual VSD
September 4, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding (PAB) — Series: #1–6
September 3, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding #6: Bilateral PA Banding
September 2, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding #5: Main PA Banding Technique
September 1, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding #4: LV Training in ccTGA
August 31, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding #3: PAB in Single-Ventricle Pathway
August 30, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding #2: PAB in Biventricular Repair
August 29, 2026
Pulmonary Artery Banding #1: Concept and Physiology
August 28, 2026
Subaortic Stenosis in Single Ventricle: Surgical Strategy
August 27, 2026
Pediatric “5 Ts” (Cyanotic CHD) — Series: #1–5
August 26, 2026
Pediatric “5 Ts” #5: TAPVR — “Total”
August 25, 2026
Pediatric “5 Ts” #4: Tetralogy of Fallot — “Tetra-logy”
August 24, 2026
Pediatric “5 Ts” #3: Tricuspid Disease — “Tri-cuspid”
August 23, 2026
Pediatric “5 Ts” #2: TGA — “Two Vessels Switched”
August 22, 2026
Pediatric “5 Ts” #1: Truncus Arteriosus — “One Vessel”
August 21, 2026
Atrial Switch Operation: Indications, Senning Anatomy, and Key Complications
August 20, 2026
Central VA-ECMO #4: Weaning and Decannulation
August 19, 2026
Central VA-ECMO #3: ECMO Induction and Maintenance
August 18, 2026
Central VA-ECMO #2: Operative Technique
August 17, 2026
Central VA-ECMO #1: Indication and Principle
August 16, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy: Fetal Flow and Atrial Septation
August 15, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy: Surgical Landmarks and ASD Strategy
August 14, 2026
Extended End-to-End Anastomosis via Left Thoracotomy #2: End-to-End Anastomosis
August 13, 2026
Extended End-to-End Anastomosis via Left Thoracotomy #1: Dissection and Exposure
August 12, 2026
Doubly Committed Juxtaarterial VSD: Anatomy, Natural History, and Surgical Repair
August 11, 2026
PDA-Dependent Circulation #3: PGE₁—Why It Matters and Key Cautions
August 10, 2026
PDA-Dependent Circulation #2: Systemic Ductal Dependence
August 9, 2026
PDA-Dependent Circulation #1: Ductal Pulmonary Blood Flow
August 8, 2026
Single-Ventricle Circulation: From Parallel Flow to Fontan Series Circulation
August 7, 2026
Fenestrated Fontan #3: Postoperative Management
August 6, 2026
Fenestrated Fontan #2: Surgical Creation and Intraoperative Assessment
August 5, 2026
Fenestrated Fontan #1: Concept and Physiology
August 4, 2026
Glenn Circulation: From Flow Physiology to Fontan Risk Assessment
August 3, 2026
Glenn Circulation: Physiology, Anastomosis, and Postoperative Oxygenation
August 2, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #7: ASD Patch Closure
August 1, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #6: LAVV Cleft Closure
July 31, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #5: Patch–Leaflet–Patch Suture Sequence
July 30, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #4: VSD Patch Closure
July 29, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #3: Conduction System for VSD Patch Closure
July 28, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #2: Leaflet Assessment
July 27, 2026
Complete AVSD Repair with Two-Patch Technique #1: Anatomy from the Surgeon’s Standpoint
July 26, 2026
Tet Spell in the OR: Physiologic Rescue to Rapid CPB
July 25, 2026
HQ Curve in Centrifugal Pumps #2: Flow Across the Cardiac Cycle
July 24, 2026
HQ Curve in Centrifugal Pumps #1: Durable LVAD Physiology
July 23, 2026
LVAD Hemodynamics: Interpreting RAP, LAP, and Inlet Pressure
July 22, 2026
Shunts and Collaterals: SP shunts, Pulmonary AVM, and VV collaterals
July 21, 2026
Cardiac Fibrous Skeleton #5: Conduction System
July 20, 2026
Cardiac Fibrous Skeleton #4: Septal Anatomy
July 19, 2026
Cardiac Fibrous Skeleton #3: Tricuspid Valve and AV Node
July 18, 2026
Cardiac Fibrous Skeleton #2: Aortic–Mitral Region
July 17, 2026
Cardiac Fibrous Skeleton #1: Overview
July 16, 2026
Heart Transplant Logistics: Coordinating Procurement and Implantation
July 15, 2026
Fundamentals of Needle Handling: Principles of Efficient Needle Driving
July 14, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #7: Glenn and Fontan Palliation
July 13, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #6: Subaortic Stenosis and LVOTO
July 12, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #5: First Palliation Strategy
July 11, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #4: Type II Anatomy and Systemic Outflow
July 10, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #3: Type I Anatomy and Pulmonary Flow
July 9, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #2: Great Artery Relationship
July 8, 2026
Tricuspid Atresia #1: Core Anatomy and Physiology
July 7, 2026
Right Ventricle: The Second Systemic Pump
July 6, 2026
Arterial Switch Operation: Surgeon’s View Overview
July 5, 2026
Peripheral VA-ECMO: Cannulation, Flow Competition, and LV Decompression
July 4, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics #5: Laplace’s Law
July 3, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics #4: Laminar vs Turbulent Flow
July 2, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics #3: Hagen–Poiseuille’s Law
July 1, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics #2: Bernoulli’s Principle
June 30, 2026
Fundamental Principles of Hemodynamics #1: Hemodynamic Ohm’s Law in Circulation
June 29, 2026
Fontan Procedure: Circulation and Surgical Pathways
June 28, 2026
Right-to-Left Shunting #2: Representative Lesions
June 27, 2026
Right-to-Left Shunting #1: Basic Physiology
June 26, 2026
Left-to-Right Shunting #2: Representative Lesions
June 25, 2026
Left-to-Right Shunting #1: Basic Physiology
June 24, 2026
RAA with Aberrant LSCA: From Embryology to Surgical Repair
June 23, 2026
Fundamentals of Needle Handling #4: Forceps-Assisted Pulley Effect
June 22, 2026
Fundamentals of Needle Handling #3: Driving the Needle Along Its Arc
June 21, 2026
Fundamentals of Needle Handling #2: Pronation–Supination Needle Drive
June 20, 2026
Fundamentals of Needle Handling #1: Needle Insertion Angle
June 19, 2026
Membranous Septum: Small Structure, High-Stakes Anatomy
June 18, 2026
Systemic-Pulmonary Shunt #4: Surgical Configurations
June 17, 2026
Systemic-Pulmonary Shunt #3: BTT Shunt vs RV-PA Shunt
June 16, 2026
Systemic-Pulmonary Shunt #2: Modified BTT Shunt Technique
June 15, 2026
Systemic-Pulmonary Shunt #1: Modified BTT Shunt
June 14, 2026
Mitral Valve Anatomy: Leaflets, Annulus, and Subvalvular Apparatus
June 13, 2026
Tet Spell in the OR #2: Rapid CPB Initiation
June 12, 2026
Tet Spell in the OR #1: Physiologic Stabilization Before Definitive Repair
June 11, 2026
Arterial Switch Operation: Step-by-Step Reconstruction
June 10, 2026
Aortic Arch Repair via Median Sternotomy (Surgeon’s View)
June 9, 2026
Crocodile Heart: Hemodynamic Switching on Land vs. During Diving
June 8, 2026
Aortic Valve Anatomy — Leaflets, Root, and Ring Geometry
June 7, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #5: Stage III Fontan Circulation
June 6, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #4: Stage II Glenn Circulation
June 5, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #3: Pulmonary Artery Banding
June 4, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #2: Stage I Norwood Operation
June 3, 2026
Single Ventricle Palliation #1: Pre–Stage I Physiology
June 2, 2026
Cardiac Conduction Axis in Perimembranous VSD
June 1, 2026
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery #3: Surgical Procedure of Unroofing
May 31, 2026
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery #2: Surgical Concept of Unroofing
May 30, 2026
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery #1: Intramural vs Interarterial Course
May 29, 2026
Lymphatic Circulation — Anatomy, Flow, and Failure
May 28, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy #6: ASD Anatomy and Surgical Strategy
May 27, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy #5: RA Streaming in Fetal Circulation
May 26, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy #4: Membranous Septum
May 25, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy #3: Atrial Septum Development
May 24, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy #2: Surgeon’s View of the Right Atrium
May 23, 2026
Right Atrium Anatomy #1: External and Internal Landmark
May 22, 2026
One-Handed Needle Control
May 21, 2026
Damus–Kaye–Stansel Procedure #3: Double-Barrel DKS Anastomosis
May 20, 2026
Damus–Kaye–Stansel Procedure #2: Side-to-End DKS Anastomosis
May 19, 2026
Damus–Kaye–Stansel Procedure #1: Concept of DKS Anastomosis
May 18, 2026
PAPVR (RUPV–SVC): Anatomy, Hemodynamics, and Surgical Repair
May 17, 2026
Fontan Procedure #3: Lateral Tunnel Fontan
May 16, 2026
Fontan Procedure #2: Extracardiac Conduit Fontan
May 15, 2026
Fontan Procedure #1: Fontan Circulation
May 14, 2026
Balanced vs Unbalanced AVSD — From Anatomy to Strategy
May 13, 2026
Shunts and Collaterals #3: Veno-venous Collaterals
May 12, 2026
Shunts and Collaterals #2: Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
May 11, 2026
Shunts and Collaterals #1: Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts
May 10, 2026
VSD Patch Closure — Surgeon’s View
May 9, 2026
Doubly Committed Juxtaarterial VSD #2: Surgical Repair
May 8, 2026
Doubly Committed Juxtaarterial VSD #1: Anatomy and Physiology
May 7, 2026
RAA with Aberrant LSCA from Kommerell’s Diverticulum #2: Surgical Technique
May 6, 2026
RAA with Aberrant LSCA from Kommerell’s Diverticulum #1: Embryology and Anatomy
May 5, 2026
Balancing Pulmonary Flow & Cardiac Function
May 4, 2026
Fetal Circulation: Placenta-Based Parallel Flow to Postnatal Serial Circulation
May 3, 2026
Glenn Circulation #7: High-Risk Indicators for Fontan Completion
May 2, 2026
Glenn Circulation #6: Pulsatile Glenn
May 1, 2026
Glenn Circulation #5: Why Glenn Circulation Fails Over Time
April 30, 2026
Glenn Circulation #4: The Glenn Paradox
April 29, 2026
Glenn Circulation #3: Determinants of Post-Glenn SpO₂
April 28, 2026
Glenn Circulation #2: Cavopulmonary Anastomosis
April 27, 2026
Glenn Circulation #1: Principle of Stage 2 Palliation
April 26, 2026
Running Suture — Rhythm, Spacing, and Tension
April 25, 2026
Aortic Arch Advancement: Concept, Perfusion, and Reconstruction
April 24, 2026
Membranous Septum #3: Perimembranous VSD
April 23, 2026
Membranous Septum #2: Conduction Axis Relationship
April 22, 2026
Membranous Septum #1: Structural Anatomy
April 21, 2026
Tricuspid Valve: From Functional TR to Surgical Repair
April 20, 2026
Tricuspid Valve: Surgical Anatomy to TR Physiology
April 19, 2026
Eight-Direction Needle Driving
April 18, 2026
Berlin Heart EXCOR: Implantation Strategy Overview
April 17, 2026
Cardiac Conduction Axis #3: VSD with Inlet Extension
April 16, 2026
Cardiac Conduction Axis #2: VSD with Outlet Extension
April 15, 2026
Cardiac Conduction Axis #1: Normal Heart
April 14, 2026
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum (PA-IVS): A Physiologic and Surgical Overview
April 13, 2026
Aortic Valve Anatomy #3 — Basal Attachments and Ring Geometry
April 12, 2026
Aortic Valve Anatomy #2 — Root Configuration and Surrounding Structures
April 11, 2026
Aortic Valve Anatomy #1 — Aortic Leaflet
April 10, 2026
Aortic Arch Embryology: Key Patterns
April 9, 2026
Lymphatic Circulation #3: Failure in Fontan Circulation
April 8, 2026
Lymphatic Circulation #2: What Drives Lymph Flow?
April 7, 2026
Lymphatic Circulation #1: Anatomy & Physiology
April 6, 2026
Qp/Qs in Single Ventricle: Bedside Approximation
April 5, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis: Perioperative Strategy
April 4, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis: Anatomy & Physiology
April 3, 2026
Physiology after TOF Repair #3: Residual VSD—Same Finding, Different Physiology
April 2, 2026
Physiology after TOF Repair #2: Restrictive Physiology
April 1, 2026
Physiology after TOF Repair #1: Pre- and Postoperative Hemodynamics
March 31, 2026
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Surgical Anatomy & Strategy
March 30, 2026
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit
March 29, 2026
Perimembranous VSD Patch Closure (Video)
March 28, 2026
Fetal Circulation #4 — Transition from Fetal to Postnatal Circulation
March 27, 2026
Fetal Circulation #3 — Fetal Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport Physiology
March 26, 2026
Fetal Circulation #2 — Preferential Streaming of Oxygenated Blood
March 25, 2026
Fetal Circulation #1 — Placenta and the Three Fetal Shunts
March 24, 2026
ALCAPA: Surgical Strategies for Coronary Revascularization
March 23, 2026
Coronary Sinus Dilatation: Key Differential Diagnoses
March 22, 2026
Mitral Valve Anatomy #2: Chordae Tendineae and Papillary Muscles
March 21, 2026
Mitral Valve Anatomy #1: Leaflets and Annulus
March 20, 2026
LSVC and CPB Strategy
March 19, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot #2: Surgical Repair and Postoperative Physiology
March 18, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot #1: Anatomy and Physiology
March 17, 2026
Peripheral VA-ECMO #3: Afterload and LV Decompression
March 16, 2026
Peripheral VA-ECMO #2: Femoral Perfusion Physiology
March 15, 2026
Peripheral VA-ECMO #1: Cannulation Strategy
March 14, 2026
ccTGA: Surgical Strategy Overview
March 13, 2026
Aortic Arch Advancement #4: Surgical Summary
March 12, 2026
Aortic Arch Advancement #3: Coarctectomy and Anastomosis
March 11, 2026
Aortic Arch Advancement #2: CPB/ACP Strategy
March 10, 2026
Aortic Arch Advancement #1: Indication and Concept
March 9, 2026
Ebstein Anomaly: Anatomy, Physiology, and Surgical Pathway
March 8, 2026
Tricuspid Valve #6: Ring Annuloplasty
March 7, 2026
Tricuspid Valve #5: DeVega Annuloplasty
March 6, 2026
Tricuspid Valve #4: TR Physiology
March 5, 2026
Tricuspid Valve #3: TR Etiology
March 4, 2026
Tricuspid Valve #2: Papillary Muscle
March 3, 2026
Tricuspid Valve #1: Surgeon’s View
March 2, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta #2: Surgery (Strategy, Techniques, Postop)
March 1, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta: #1 Anatomy and Physiology
February 28, 2026
PAPVR (RUPV-SVC) #3 Warden Procedure
February 27, 2026
PAPVR (RUPV-SVC) #2 Double Patch Technique
February 26, 2026
PAPVR (RUPV-SVC) #1 Anatomy and Physiology
February 25, 2026
DORV #2 — Clinical Classification
February 24, 2026
DORV #1 — Anatomy + Anatomic Classification
February 23, 2026
Berlin Heart EXCOR #5: Transition from CPB to LVAD
February 22, 2026
Berlin Heart EXCOR #4: Implantation—Inflow
February 21, 2026
Berlin Heart EXCOR #3: Implantation—Outflow
February 20, 2026
Berlin Heart EXCOR #2: Implantation—CPB Strategy
February 19, 2026
Berlin Heart EXCOR #1: Paracorporeal, Pulsatile Pediatric VAD
February 18, 2026
VSD Classification
February 17, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (SVAS) #5: Postoperative Management Priorities
February 16, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis #4 Surgical Repair
February 15, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (SVAS) #3: Preop Assessment & Anesthesia Risk
February 14, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (SVAS) #2: Physiology of LV Load & Coronary Perfusion
February 13, 2026
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (SVAS) #1: Anatomic Definition & Spectrum
February 12, 2026
Balanced vs Unbalanced AVSD #4: Surgical Strategy
February 11, 2026
Balanced vs Unbalanced AVSD #3: AV Valve Ratio and the VSD Component
February 10, 2026
Balanced vs Unbalanced AVSD #2: AV Valve Area and Ratio (AVVI)
February 9, 2026
Balanced vs Unbalanced AVSD #1: The Core Concept
February 8, 2026
ALCAPA #5 — Operative Technique: Spiral Conduit
February 7, 2026
ALCAPA #4 — Operative Technique: Two-Patch Flap
February 6, 2026
ALCAPA #3 — Operative Technique: Takeuchi Repair
February 5, 2026
ALCAPA #2 — Operative Technique: Direct LCA Reimplantation
February 4, 2026
ALCAPA #1 — Anatomy & Physiology
February 3, 2026
Residual VSD — Not All the Same
February 2, 2026
End-to-Side Anastomosis with Vascular Model
February 1, 2026
Subaortic Stenosis in Single-Ventricle Physiology (#5) — Surgical Management Summary
January 31, 2026
Subaortic Stenosis in Single-Ventricle Physiology (#4) — Surgical Strategy: Aortic Arch Repair + Pulmonary Artery Banding
January 30, 2026
Subaortic Stenosis in Single-Ventricle Physiology (#3) — Surgical Strategy: NW-type Operation
January 29, 2026
Subaortic Stenosis in Single-Ventricle Physiology (#2) — Surgical Strategy: Palliative Arterial Switch
January 28, 2026
Subaortic Stenosis in Single-Ventricle Physiology (#1) — Anatomy in TA/d-TGA and DILV/d-TGA
January 27, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #7 Postoperative Management
January 26, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #6 Pulmonary Valve: Valve-Sparing vs Transannular Patch
January 25, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #5 RVOT Muscle Resection
January 24, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #4 VSD Patch Closure
January 23, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #3 Surgeon’s View
January 22, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #2 Conduction System
January 21, 2026
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) — #1 The Classic Quartet
January 20, 2026
Atrial Switch Operation (Senning) — #4 Complications:
January 19, 2026
Atrial Switch Operation (Senning) — #3 Senning Procedure:
January 18, 2026
Atrial Switch Operation (Senning) — #2 Procedure Concepts
January 17, 2026
Atrial Switch Operation (Senning) — #1 Indications
January 16, 2026
Criss-Cross Atrioventricular Relationship
January 15, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #7 Postoperative Management
January 14, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #6 CoA repair with CPB and ACP
January 13, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #5 CoA repair with Thoracotomy
January 12, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #4 Surgical Strategy Coarctation of the Aorta
January 11, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #3 Physiology: CoA with VSD
January 10, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #2 Physiology: Ductus-dependent systemic flow
January 9, 2026
Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA) — #1 Anatomy
January 8, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #7 Summary: Clinical and Anatomical Classifications
January 7, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #6 Clinical Classifications: Remote (Noncommitted) VSD
January 6, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #5 Clinical Classifications: TGA-type
January 5, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #4 Clinical Classifications: TOF-type
January 4, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #3 Clinical Classifications: VSD-type
January 3, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #2 Anatomic Classifications
January 2, 2026
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) — #1 Anatomy
January 1, 2026
Morphological Features of AVSD #3 — Summary (Short- & Long-Axis Landmarks)
December 31, 2025
Morphological Features of AVSD #2— Long-Axis Hallmarks
December 30, 2025
Morphological Features of AVSD #1 — Short-Axis Landmark Map
December 29, 2025
Anatomy for Subaortic Stenosis (SubAS) Resection #2 — Surgical Considerations
December 28, 2025
Anatomy for Subaortic Stenosis (SubAS) #1 — Fundamental Anatomy
December 27, 2025
VSD Classification #4 — Summary:
December 26, 2025
VSD Classification #3 — Doubly Committed Juxta-Arterial VSD (DCJA)
December 25, 2025
VSD Classification #2 — Muscular Defects (Outlet / Apical Trabecular / Inlet)
December 24, 2025
VSD Classification #1— Perimembranous VSD (Outlet / Central / Inlet)
December 23, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #9 — Summary
December 22, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #8 — Anatomically Corrected Malposition of the Great Arteries (ACMGA, TGA Type)
December 21, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #7 — [S,D,L] DORV (TGA Type)
December 20, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #6 — False Taussig–Bing (TGA Type)
December 19, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #5 — D-TGA (TGA Type)
December 18, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #4 — Posterior TGA (NGA Type):
December 17, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #3 — Original Taussig–Bing (NGA Type)
December 16, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #2  — [S,D,N] DORV (NGA Type):
December 15, 2025
Conotruncal Rotation #1 — Normal Heart (NGA Type)
December 14, 2025
Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery — #6 Summary
December 13, 2025
Anomalous Coronary Artery — #5 AAORCA with a Malignant Interarterial Course
December 12, 2025
Anomalous Coronary Artery — #4 AAOLCA with an Intraseptal Course
December 11, 2025
Tricuspid Valve Detachment in VSD Closure
December 10, 2025
PA-IVS — #3 Determinants of Final Circulation (Single Ventricle vs Biventricular Repair)
December 9, 2025
PA-IVS — #2 Coronary Artery Fistula and RV-Dependent Coronary Circulation (RVDCC)
December 8, 2025
PA-IVS — #1 Pulmonary Blood Flow Patterns
December 7, 2025
End-to-End Anastomosis — Basic Principles
December 6, 2025
Anomalous Coronary Artery #3 — AAOLCA with an Anterior Free-Wall Course
December 5, 2025
Anomalous Coronary Artery #2 — AAOLCA with an Interarterial Course
December 4, 2025
Anomalous Coronary Artery #1 — AAOLCA with a Retroaortic Course
December 3, 2025
ccTGA — #5 Surgical Strategy: Conventional (Physiologic) Repair
December 2, 2025
ccTGA — #4 Surgical Strategy: Atrial Switch and Rastelli Procedure
December 1, 2025
ccTGA — #3 Surgical Strategy: PAB and Double Switch Operation
November 30, 2025
ccTGA — #2 Surgical Strategy: Atrial Switch + Arterial Switch Operation (Double Switch)
November 29, 2025
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (ccTGA) — #1 Anatomy
November 28, 2025
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) — #4 Coronary Sinus ASD
November 27, 2025
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) — #3 Sinus Venosus ASD
November 26, 2025
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) — #2 Primum ASD
November 25, 2025
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) — #1 Secundum ASD
November 24, 2025
HLHS Subtypes #3 – MA/AA (Mitral Atresia / Aortic Atresia)
November 23, 2025
HLHS Subtypes #2 – MS/AA (Mitral Stenosis / Aortic Atresia)
November 22, 2025
HLHS Subtypes #1 – MS/AS (Mitral + Aortic Stenosis)
November 21, 2025
High-Risk Indicators for Fontan Completion — #3 Other Factors
November 20, 2025
High-Risk Indicators for Fontan Completion — #2 Anatomic & Surgical History
November 19, 2025
High-Risk Indicators for Fontan Completion — #1 Hemodynamics & Function
November 18, 2025
Fontan Circulation — Pressure Gradient
November 17, 2025
VSD Patch Closure for Perimembranous VSD — Perimembranous VSD with "Inlet" Extension
November 16, 2025
VSD Patch Closure for Perimembranous VSD with “Outlet” Extension
November 15, 2025
VSD Patch Closure — #2 Posteroinferior Portion (Surgeon’s View)
November 14, 2025
VSD Patch Closure — #1 Anterosuperior Portion (Surgeon’s View)
November 13, 2025
Interrupted Aortic Arch — #6 Single Ventricle Pathway
November 12, 2025
Interrupted Aortic Arch — #5 Biventricular Repair
November 11, 2025
Interrupted Aortic Arch — #4 Staged (Two-Stage) Repair
November 10, 2025
Interrupted Aortic Arch — #3 One-Stage Repair
November 9, 2025
Interrupted Aortic Arch — #2 Pathophysiology
November 8, 2025
Interrupted Aortic Arch — #1 Anatomy and Classification
November 7, 2025
LVAD Hemodynamics — #2 When LVAD Flow <100%
November 6, 2025
LVAD Hemodynamics — #1 When Pump Flow >100%
November 5, 2025
LVAD Physiology in a Biventricular (BiV) Circulation
November 4, 2025
Aortic Arch Pattern and Embryology — #6 Summary:
November 3, 2025
Ebstein Anomaly — #5 Starnes Procedure
November 2, 2025
Ebstein Anomaly — #4 Pathophysiology: After Infancy
November 1, 2025
Ebstein Anomaly — #3 Pathophysiology: Neonate with PDA
October 31, 2025
Ebstein Anomaly — #2 Pathophysiology: Neonate without PDA
October 30, 2025
Ebstein Anomaly — #1 Embryologic Anatomy
October 29, 2025
Aortic Arch Pattern and Embryology — #5 Double Aortic Arch
October 28, 2025
Aortic Arch Pattern and Embryology — #4 Right Aortic Arch with Vascular Ring
October 27, 2025
Aortic Arch Pattern and Embryology — #3 Right Aortic Arch
October 26, 2025
Aortic Arch Pattern and Embryology — #2 Retroesophageal RSCA
October 25, 2025
Aortic Arch Pattern and Embryology — #1 Normal Aortic Arch
October 24, 2025
Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) — #3 Cleft Closure and ASD Patch Closure
October 23, 2025
Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) — #2 Conduction System
October 22, 2025
Partial Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) — #1 Anatomy from the Surgeon’s Viewpoint
October 21, 2025
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum (PA/IVS)
October 20, 2025
Restrictive Right Ventricular Physiology
October 19, 2025
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) and the Arterial Switch Operation (ASO) — Overview with a 3D Model
October 18, 2025
Arterial Switch Operation — Neo-Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction (3D Model)
October 17, 2025
Arterial Switch Operation — Neoaortic Reconstruction (3D Model)
October 16, 2025
Arterial Switch Operation — Coronary Transfer (3D Model)
October 15, 2025
Arterial Switch Operation — Overview and Core Principles (3D Model)
October 14, 2025
Transposition of the Great Arteries — Orientation and Landmarks (3D Model)
October 13, 2025
Fontan Procedure (Total Cavopulmonary Connection (TCPC))
October 12, 2025
Bidirectional Glenn (Cavopulmonary Anastomosis)
October 11, 2025
Postoperative Hypertension after Coarctation Repair
October 10, 2025
Norwood Operation — Aortic Arch Reconstruction
October 9, 2025
Norwood Operation — Circulatory Arrest and Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion (ACP)
October 8, 2025
Norwood Operation — Preparation and Initiation of CPB
October 7, 2025
Norwood Operation — Surgical Overview
October 6, 2025
End-to-Side Anastomosis — Principles, Technique, and Pitfalls
October 5, 2025
LVEDP—Beyond “Preload”
October 4, 2025
Vascular Ring Division
October 3, 2025
Chronic Hypoxemia — more than “low O₂”
October 2, 2025
Aortic Pressure Components — Clinical Insights
October 1, 2025
VSD Patch Closure — Posteroinferior Margin (3D Model)
September 30, 2025
VSD Patch Closure — Anterosuperior Margin (3D Model)
September 29, 2025
VSD Patch Closure for Perimembranous VSD — Overview (3D Model)
September 28, 2025
Perimembranous VSD —Orientation and Landmarks (3D Model)
September 27, 2025
Lymphatic Circulation
September 26, 2025
Core Hyperthermia Before Cardiac Surgery
September 25, 2025
VSD Patch Closure for Perimembranous VSD
September 24, 2025
Conduction System in Perimembranous VSD with Outlet/Inlet Extension
September 23, 2025
BTT Shunt Anastomosis — Surgical Techniques
September 22, 2025
Truncus Arteriosus — Pathophysiology, Risks, and Management
September 21, 2025
Tricuspid Atresia — Type II (Malposed/Transposed Great Arteries)
September 20, 2025
Tricuspid Atresia — Type I (Normally Related Great Arteries)
September 19, 2025
RV Muscle Bands and the Conduction Axis
September 18, 2025
Modified BTT Shunt vs RV–PA Conduit in the Norwood Circulation
September 17, 2025
Fundamental Laws of Hemodynamics
September 16, 2025
Classification of ASD
September 15, 2025
Surgical ASD closure
September 14, 2025
CPB with AP Collateral
September 13, 2025
CPB in Cyanosis Patients
September 12, 2025
Antegrade (Selective) Cerebral Perfusion (ACP)
September 11, 2025
HQ Curve in Centrifugal LVAD
September 10, 2025
Changing Needle Direction
September 9, 2025
Heart Transplant Logistics
September 8, 2025
TAPVR: Key Surgical Considerations
September 7, 2025
TAPVR Classification
September 6, 2025
PAPVR: Warden Procedure
September 5, 2025
PAPVR repair: Two-Patch Technique
September 4, 2025
PAPVR Hemodynamics
September 3, 2025
Regulation of Ductus Arteriosus Patency and Closure
September 2, 2025
Mimicking Fetal (Parallel) Circulation
September 1, 2025
Fetal Circulation — Streaming, Not Just “Mixing”
August 31, 2025
Streaming in Single Ventricle Circulation
August 30, 2025
Coronary Anastomosis – The Foundation of Needle Work
August 29, 2025
Post-Repair Left Ventricular Response — Beyond “Afterload Mismatch”
August 28, 2025
Fundamental Steps in cAVSD Repair
August 27, 2025
EF Drop After Volume Overload Relief
August 26, 2025
Complete AVSD: Basic Anatomy and Conduction
August 25, 2025
CPB: From Induction to Weaning
August 25, 2025
CPB Circuit
August 24, 2025
CPB Initiation & Cardiac Arrest
August 23, 2025
Qp/Qs in Single Ventricle
August 22, 2025
BTT Shunt
August 21, 2025
Pulmonary Artery Banding (PAB)
August 20, 2025
Balancing Pulmonary Flow and Cardiac Function
August 19, 2025
Arterial Switch Operation
August 18, 2025
PV Loop -Preload, Afterload, and Inotropy-
August 17, 2025
PV Loop and Inotropy
August 16, 2025
PV Loop and Afterload
August 15, 2025
PV Loop and Preload
August 14, 2025
Pressure-Volume Loop
August 13, 2025
Rethinking the RV: It’s the “Second Systemic Pump”
August 12, 2025
Right-Side vs Left-Heart Failure
August 11, 2025
Knot tying practice — anywhere, anytime
August 10, 2025
ECMO & Mixing zone
August 9, 2025
ECMO & Afterload
August 8, 2025
Transition from CPB to LVAD Support in the OR
August 7, 2025
Extended End-to-End Anastomosis on CPB
August 6, 2025
Residual VSD: It’s Not All the Same
August 6, 2025
PDA-Dependent Circulation
August 5, 2025
CoA with VSD
August 4, 2025
VSD Closure with Perimembranous Inlet Extension
August 3, 2025
CoA without VSD
August 2, 2025
Why Long-Term Glenn Circulation Fails?
August 1, 2025
What Is the Glenn Paradox?
July 31, 2025
How to Improve SpO₂ After Glenn Surgery
July 30, 2025
3 Stages of Single Ventricle Palliation
July 29, 2025
Deep Needle Work Training
July 28, 2025
Stage 3 Palliation (Fontan)
July 27, 2025
Stage 2 Palliation (Glenn)
July 26, 2025
Stage 1 Palliation for Single Ventricle
July 25, 2025
TGA – Type III (ASD(+), VSD(+), PS(+))
July 24, 2025
TGA – Type II (ASD(+), VSD(+), PS(-))
July 23, 2025
TGA – Type I (ASD(+), VSD(-), PS(-))
July 22, 2025
TAPVR (Type I) Hemodynamics
July 21, 2025
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Hemodynamics
July 20, 2025
AVSD Hemodynamics
July 19, 2025
VSD Hemodynamics
July 18, 2025
ASD Hemodynamics
July 17, 2025
PDA Hemodynamics
July 16, 2025
Basic Suture Technique: Respect Tissue, Follow the Curve
July 15, 2025
BASIC Technique for Vascular Anastomosis
July 14, 2025
Blood Pressure: Understand the Equation
July 13, 2025
Desaturation in Single Ventricle Physiology
July 12, 2025
Single Ventricle Physiology
July 11, 2025
SvO₂: A Window into O₂ Delivery vs. Demand
July 11, 2025
Blood Pressure Control During Cardiac Surgery
July 10, 2025
Estimating Intracardiac Pressures
July 9, 2025
Temp: Core hyperthermia before surgery in the OR
July 8, 2025
Meaning of Aortic Pressure Components
July 7, 2025
RAP is lower than LAP
July 7, 2025

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